Autologous Platelet Concentrates: Their Generations, Forms, Preparation Protocols and Roles in Periodontal Regeneration

The application of autologous platelet concentrates in wound healing and tissue regeneration, especially in the field of dentistry has been developing with time. There are different methods to produce various forms of autologous platelet concentrates by changing centrifugation speed and time used during preparation and, of course, there is a difference in regeneration capacity according to preparation protocol. In general, autologous platelet concentrates contain various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) which are considered a key factor in the contribution of periodontal soft and hard tissue regeneration. Autologous platelet concentrates have become more efficient in periodontal and implant surgery due to their positive effects in healing acceleration and new soft and hard tissue formation capability in addition to their other favorable advantages, being inexpensive, timesaving and completely taken from patient. The aim of this review article is to briefly explain the forms and generations of autologous platelet concentrates, their applications, potential role in periodontal regeneration, and to compare between their uses, efficiency and preparation methods to qualify clinicians to use them properly according to the case to achieve a better result.