Association Between Gestational Weight Gain and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to assess the effect of gestational weight gain according to initial pregnancy body mass index (BMI) on maternal and neonatal outcomes.
METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 937 pregnant women who were followed up and delivered at Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Childrens’ Diseases Education and Research Hospital.Subjects were divided into three groups according to their weight gain during pregnancy: insufficient (n: 249),adequate (n: 302) and excess (n: 386).We analyzed maternal characteristics such as maternal age, gravida, parity, body mass indeks (BMI: kg/m2 ) initial pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, and we examine the effect of maternal weight gain on the pregnancy outcome as preclampsia,preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM),preterm delivery,gestational age at delivery,delivery type,indications for cesarean delivery,sex of the infant, 1. ve 5. minute Apgar score, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 30.04±5.47 years.Ýnsufficient weight gain was associated with increased risk of PPROM (p<0.05), gestational cholestasis (p<0.05),having infant with low birth weight (LBW) (p<0.01),preterm delivery (<0.01),having infant with smaller than 48 cm lenght (p<0.01), 5. minute apgar score <7 (p<0.01) intrauterine growth retardation (SGA) (<0.01),and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (p=0.047).In women, excess weight gain was associated with increased rates of macrosomia (p<0.01) and ceserean delivery for the cephalopelvic disproportion compared to women with insufficient and adequate weight gain. (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Getting under control of gaining excess weight during pregnancy play an important role in reducing the poor maternal and neonatal outcome.