Eastern J Med. 2024; 29(4): 556-566 | DOI: 10.5505/ejm.2024.45722

Effect of first pregnancy age/teenager pregnancy or no pregnancy on bone mineral density in peri-menopausal women

Ali Ovayolu¹, Aylin Turan², Selver Güler³, Ayla Yava^4
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School of Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cengiz Gokcek Women
³Public Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Sanko University, Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey
⁴Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Sahinbey, Gaziantep, Turkey

INTRODUCTION: This study compares bone mineral density (BMD) scores in peri-menopausal women with and without a history of teenage pregnancy (TP) or pregnancies (TPs), for the femoral neck and lumbar spine.
METHODS: Obstetric history, history of menstruation, education, exercise, sex, marital status, residency, income level, and tobacco/alcohol use were assessed. After a DEXA scan, both groups were compared for variables.
RESULTS: A total of 485 patients were included in the study. Most of the analyzed demographic characteristics showed no significant difference between the research groups. The childless group had a higher incidence of femoral bone osteopenia than the group without a history of teenage pregnancy (non-TP) (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in the lumbar spine results between the TP(s), non-TP, and no pregnancy groups (p>0.05). The BMD, T, and Z scores of women's femoral neck/lumbar spine did not alter according to whether they had had one or more TPs.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Despite numerous studies, modifiable variables that impact peri-menopausal women's bone health, such as TPs, have not yet been sufficiently identified. Further studies are still needed to find the causes of bone loss in peri-menopause and develop preventive measures/treatments.

Keywords: adolescent pregnancy, body mass index, bone loss, determinants, primary osteoporosis, risk factors

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