Ameliorative Effects of Omega-3 and Vitamin E Supplementation on the Histology of Placenta in Rats with Induced Preeclampsia

INTRODUCTION: Objectives:
Preeclampsia is a condition of pregnancy linked with placental failure; it is described by low levels of nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and abnormal remodeling of the spiral arteries. N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) is administered to mimic these effects in animals. Protective antioxidants; Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids.
Aims:
The present study will try to show beneficial effects, to what degree, of Omega-3 and vitamin E consumption on the placental histopathology in an experimental rat induced preeclampsia.


METHODS: Materials and Methods:
To study the effects of L-NAME preeclampsia and the protective roles of omega-3; and vitamin E, forty pregnant Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Doppler ultrasound, histological evaluation, and biochemical analysis as well as statistical calculation were integrated to measure maternal blood pressure, placental histology, and oxidative stress assessment.

RESULTS: Results:
Lethargy, rising mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), and increased placental oxidative stress—as elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and significant histological damage—were consequences of L-NAME-induced preeclampsia during the course of this study. Individual omega-3 or vitamin E treatments lowered MDA with an improvement in placental structure. However, it is the combination treatment that indicated a preventive synergistic effect against preeclampsia by markedly increasing maternal activity, decreasing MABP, oxidative stress, and restoring placental histology to near normal.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusion:
Placental damage and oxidative stress resulted from L-NAME-induced preeclampsia. Vitamin E and omega-3 therapies markedly ameliorated the markers of oxidative stress as well as the degree of tissue degeneration, which implies therapeutic protective potential.