Eastern J Med. 2024; 29(4): 440-445 | DOI: 10.5505/ejm.2024.28913

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) types: Case series

Neval Cayonu Kahraman¹, Nazan vanlý tonyalý², Gokcen Orgul³, GULSAH AYNAOGLU YILDIZ⁴, Yaprak Engin-Ustun^1
1Department of Perinatology, University of Health Sciences Etlik Zübeyde Haným Women's Health Care, Traning and Research Hospital, Ankra, Turkey
²Department of Perinatology, University of Health Sciences Etlik City Hospital, Ankara,Turkey
³Department of Perinatology, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya,Turkey
⁴Department of Perinatology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey

INTRODUCTION: This study retrospectively aims to evaluate nine cases of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) diagnosed during the prenatal period. Prenatal diagnosis of CPAMs is critical in the diagnosis of fetal thoracic malformations. Case studies provide a better understanding of the clinical course, treatment options, and outcomes of CPAMs.
METHODS: Cases with prenatally diagnosed lung lesions screened in the high-risk pregnancy category between October 2021 and February 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. The characteristics, location, and accompanying findings of the lesions were evaluated by perinatology specialists. The diagnosis of CPAM was categorized based on prenatal ultrasound images.
RESULTS: This study show the demographic characteristics and clinical findings of the patients with CPAM. In our study, the mean age was 33 years, and the median week at diagnosis was 21 weeks and 2 days. The median birth weight was 2970 gm. The rate of vaginal delivery was 55.6%, while additional anomalies were detected at a rate of 66.7%. Most lesions were located in the right lung and had a cystic or solid-cystic nature. The distribution according to CPAM type was 22.2% type 1, 33.3% type 2, and 44.4% type 3. According to the results obtained by analyzing nine cases, two cases resulted in termination, regression was observed in two cases, and postnatal surgery was performed in one case. One case was followed up postnatally.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study examined the clinical course, treatment options, and outcomes of rare cases diagnosed with CPAM. The results highlight the importance of prenatal and postnatal processes of diffeternt types of CPAM.

Keywords: Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), thoracic malformation, CPAM types, fetal lung, prenatal diagnosis.

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