Evaluation of effectiveness of hemogram parameters in colorectal cancer screening

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) frequency and cancer-related death rates can be reduced with screening methods. Due to the invasiveness of the colonoscopy procedure and the high rate of false positivity of stool-based tests, it was aimed to investigate whether hemogram parameters could be a potential alternative to assist screening methods.
METHODS: Between January 2023 and December 2024 at Van YYU Faculty of Medicine Hospital, 605 patients who underwent colonoscopy for various indications were divided into groups and the age, gender, hemogram parameters taken before colonoscopy, such as RBC Count, Hb, Hct, WBC Count, Platelet Count, MPV, MCV, RDW, NLR, PLR, MLR, MPV/PLT ratio, Hb/PLToratio, Lymphocyte/Monocyte ratio and the Hb/RDW ratio were investigated and then the usability of these hemogram parameters in colorectal cancer screening was studied.
RESULTS: Statistical differences were observed in WBC, Hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, RDW, lymphocyte, MPV/PLT, Hb/PLT, Lymphocyte/monocyte and Hb/RDW ratios with T Test between cancer patients and patients with normal colonoscopy findings. Additionally, in multiple group comparisons, a statistically significant difference was detected in age, WBC, RBC and MCV parameters.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study is the most comprehensive study ever conducted with 18 hemogram parameters. As a result of binary and multivariate analysis, a statistically significant difference was detected in 10 parameters with T Test and in 4 parameters with multivariate analysis. It was concluded that hemogram parameters will be used alone or in addition to existing screening methods in colorectal cancer screening through prospective studies with the appropriate combination of these parameters.