INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the effect of different final irrigation solutions used with blood or PRF scaffolds on crown discoloration during regenerative treatment.
METHODS: The apical portion of eighty single-rooted teeth was resected. Root canal preparation and irrigation procedures were done, and calcium hydroxide paste was placed into the canals. The teeth were incubated for three weeks at 37 °C. After removing the dressings, specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20) according to the final irrigants used: group 1; NaOCl, group 2; EDTA, group 3; MTAD, and group 4; Qmix. Then, each group was split into two subgroups according to the scaffold (blood or PRF) applied, and teeth were left for incubation at 37 °C. The color measurements were performed at one and three months. Statistical analyses were performed using Two-way ANOVA and Duncan's test.
RESULTS: At one and three months, all irrigant groups showed crown discoloration. The differences among the irrigation groups were not statistically significant in the blood group either in the first or third months. There were no significant differences between NaOCl and EDTA in the PRF-used groups, whereas MTAD and Qmix caused significantly higher discolorations than the other irrigants at both periods.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Under the limitations of this study, from the esthetic point of view, the use of Qmix and MTAD in RET seems unsuitable. When the minimal discoloration effects are considered, the NaOCl may be the first choice to use either with blood or PRF.

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive and functional deficiencies, such as behavioral changes. As the disease progresses, neurons in the brain are damaged or disappeared. Nowadays, Alzheimer's disease and other common dementia do not have a treatment. None of the pharmacological treatments are currently effective in slowing down Alzheimer's dementia or stopping neuron damage.
METHODS: This paper offers a bibliometric analysis of the literature on treatments for Alzheimer's Disease indexed in the Web of Science database spanning 44 years. The study employed the VOSviewer visualization methodology to conduct the bibliometric analysis. The dataset consisted of articles retrieved from the Web of Science database, covering data on countries, institutions, journals, co-authorship, and international collaborations.
RESULTS: In total, 56,530 publications were collected from the Web of Science database.The United States of America (USA) emerged as the leading country in terms of published articles, accounting for 20,389 (36.068%) of the total, followed by China with 5,434 (9.613%) publications, and England with 4,594 (8.127%). Excluding the top three countries mentioned above, publications originated from 168 countries worldwide. Since the 2000s, there has been a notable increase in publication numbers. Leading affiliations include the University of California System (USA) (2.959%), Harvard University (USA) (2.117%), and the University of London (England) (1.951%). The majority of these prominent affiliations are situated in the USA.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In summary, this study represents the current bibliometric assessment of treatments for Alzheimer’s Disease. The results of this research will provide foresight to advanced Alzheimer's Disease Treatment research and provide different perspectives on its development.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) is still a significant health problem in the world, with hormonal therapy as an essential component in its management. Even though it has been stated that it may play a role in the oncogenesis process, the expression profile of Cyclin D1 has not been further analyzed concerning survival and the incidence of breast cancer metastasis. This study investigates the relationship of Cyclin D1 expression with histopathological grading and metastasis in BC.
METHODS: The research used a cross-sectional study on eligible breast cancer patients in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and its network hospitals in Makassar. Cyclin D1 expression was examined based on immunohistochemical examination and interpreted using the Allred Scoring method. Histopathological grading is assessed on standard histopathological examination and interpreted based on the Modified Bloom-Richardson Histologic Grading or Nottingham Histologic Score system.
RESULTS: Metastatic status is assessed based on the results of supporting examinations. The Chi-Square test is the primary analysis in this study. Of 57 participants, this study found no association between menopausal status and tumor type and the expression of cyclin D1. In contrast, the luminal subtype of tumor tissue, histopathological grading, and metastasis status were associated with cyclin D1 expression (p<0.01).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: High expression of Cyclin D1 can be related to the severity of histopathological grading as well as the emergence of metastases to other organs in breast cancer. Future studies with more variables, i.e., Rac1 expression and Paxillin mutase, are required to assess Ccnd1-Cdk4-paxillin-Rac1 and its relationship with BC metastasis.

INTRODUCTION: Insulin-like growth factor like (IGFL) family is a gene family that contains 11 cysteine residues, including two CC motifs, and has structural homology with Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF) family. Expression of IGFL genes has been detected in various tissues, including fetal skin, spinal cord, cerebellum, placenta, spleen, stomach, testis, and fetal heart. The biological functions and gene interactions of IGFL molecules have not yet been fully elucidated, but they are thought to perform similar functions to IGFs due to their structural similarities with the IGF family. Therefore, it is aimed to determined the relationship between IGFL2 expression and Head and Neck Cancer (HNSC) through bioinformatical approaches.
METHODS: GEPIA2, UALCAN, OncoDB, Mexpress, Cancersea and Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases were used for bioinformatical analyses.
RESULTS: Our results showed that expression of IGFL2 increased in tumor tissues especially early stages of HNSC. In addition, we detected that promotor methylation status of IGFL2 decreased in tumor tissues. Gene correlation analyses also showed that IGFL2 expression is positively correlated with gene products that are responsible for the development of HNSC such as IRS1, EGFR, CDK6.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, IGFL2 induces tumorigenesis in early stages of HNSC and may be used as a prognostic factor in the development of HNSC

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency (serum vitamin D <10 ng/ml) and thyroid dysfunctions
are prevalent issues globally, particularly during pregnancy. Evidence suggests a potential link
between thyroid function and vitamin D levels. This study aims to investigate the correlation
between serum vitamin D levels and thyroid functions in women during the first trimester of
pregnancy.

METHODS: The study was conducted retrospectively at a University Education and Research Hospital’s pregnancy clinic, covering data from August 2023 to March 2024. The sample group consisted of first-trimester pregnant women who attended routine pregnancy check-ups and had complete vitamin D levels and thyroid function tests (n = 185). The sociodemographic data form and blood serum level assessment forms were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis.
RESULTS: The average age of the pregnant women participating in our study was 27.6±4.9 years,
and the Body Mass Index (BMI) was 25.4±4.8 (overweight). The mean number of pregnancies
was 1.13±0.3, and the gestational week was 8.19±1.8. Of the participants, 35 had subclinical
hypothyroidism, 37 had thyroiditis, and 113 had normal thyroid functions. The study identified
36 women with normal/adequate vitamin D levels (≥20 ng/ml), 113 with vitamin D
insufficiency (10–20 ng/ml), and 36 with vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml). The correlation
analysis revealed no significant relationship between the thyroid function tests and vitamin D
levels of the pregnant women.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that vitamin D levels do not affect thyroid gland function in the first trimester.

INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUNDː Providing dermatologic care to prisoners can be challenging due to their poor compliance to treatment and difficulty for the follow-up visits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dermatological diseases among male prisoners in Turkey and to assess the relationship of the age, education status, addiction status and body mass indexes of the prisoners to the primary dermatologic complaint and the definitive diagnosis.


METHODS: METHODSː This is a retrospective study performed in the dermatology outpatient clinic of Baþakþehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital; male prisoner patients who have been brought to the clinic have been included. Each patient was evaluated by a dermatologist, history was taken precisely including the substance habits and educational status.
RESULTS: RESULTSː A total of 175 male patients were included in the study. A statistically significant relationship was found between the use of alcohol and acute skin findings (p=0.002). The patients with the highest body mass indexes were diagnosed with dermatitis, lowest body mass indexes were diagnosed with benign and malignant tumoral lesions (p=0.030).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study has revealed that there is a positive association between alcohol abuse and frequency of viral infections; and a negative association between body mass index and skin cancer risk.

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the frequency and impact of syphilis and hepatitis in HIV patients is crucial for optimizing clinical management strategies. Early diagnosis and treatment of these co-infections are vital to mitigate their detrimental effects on HIV progression and overall patient health. This study aims to elucidate the frequency of syphilis and hepatitis co-infections in individuals with HIV.
METHODS: The outcomes of serological tests for syphilis, HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBV-DNA, and anti-HCV, which were conducted simultaneously with or after the anti-HIV test, along with the patients' demographic data, were retrospectively reviewed and assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using the MedCalc (version 20.009; Belgium) statistical package program.
RESULTS: Of the anti-HIV test results examined between May 2021 and 2024, 72 were found to be reactive. Of these, 12 (18.8%) were found to be reactive for Treponema pallidium total antibody. HIV/Syphilis/HBV coinfection was observed in only 1 patient. In logistic regression analysis, individuals with syphilis were 40 times more likely to contract HIV, while individuals with HBV were 2.18 times more likely to contract HIV. HIV reactivity was 14.3 times less common in women than in men. A significant association was found between genders in terms of HIV reactivity.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Since the main transmission route of syphilis, as in HIV infection, is known to be sexual contact, we found a very high rate of syphilis in HIV-infected individuals in our study. Early diagnosis by performing serological tests for both syphilis and viral hepatitis in all HIV-infected patients will be beneficial in reducing transmission.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intern physicians' participation in team-based learning (TBL) and case-based collaborative learning (CBCL) methods on their learning strategies and motivation.
METHODS: Our study is a triangulation study in which both qualitative and quantitative data collection tools were used. Both methods were applied over a four-week period in the practices carried out on 169 intern physicians in the Public Health Internship at Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine in the 2021-2022 academic year, and the results were evaluated using the Motivation and Learning Strategies Scale (MLSS). Frequency and percentage calculations were used to interpret the data. In addition, a correlation test was performed to determine whether there was a relationship between the scale scores.
RESULTS: Results indicated that CBCL had a slightly higher effect on students' internal goal organization and self-efficacy compared to TBL. However, both methods were similarly effective in other learning aspects like peer collaboration, critical thinking, and metacognitive strategies. Focus group feedback highlighted that CBCL's realistic case approach enhanced students' motivation and practical understanding. Conversely, TBL was appreciated for making theoretical knowledge more engaging through clinical case tracking. In conclusion, both TBL and CBCL fostered a supportive, collaborative learning environment, with CBCL having a stronger impact on motivation.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Both learning methods positively affect the learning strategies of medical students, and the case analysis-based structure of CBCL was found to be more effective on student motivation and self-efficacy.

INTRODUCTION: Systemic inflammation is effective for the onset and progression of chronic diseases. The main objective of this study was to analyze the prognostic importance of systemic inflammatory indices in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODS: This retrospective case-control study included 80 patients and 80 controls treated at the Ordu University Hospital Chest Diseases outpatient clinic between January 2022 and January 2023. Patients over 18 years diagnosed with COPD exacerbations were included in the current study.

RESULTS: The neutrophil mean platelet volume (MPV) and monocyte levels were significantly different between the groups. Significant differences were also observed in the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflamation response index (SIRI), neutrophil- lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and pan-immune inflamation value (PIV) indices between groups (p<0.05). Conversely, hemoglobin and platelet values did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: : Our results indicated that SII, SIRI and PIV is a new and practical inflammatory index that can be used in the evaluation of COPD patients. These indices can be an inexpensive, practical and safe indicator of the inflammatory state in patients with COPD. However, a larger patient population is needed to obtain stronger results.

INTRODUCTION: Gastric cancer is a common type of cancer. While surgical treatment is considered the standard approach in early stages, there is currently no standard chemotherapy regimen for advanced and metastatic stages. The incidence of gastric cancer increases with age, making treatment more challenging. The choice of chemotherapy becomes more important in the elderly due to comorbidities, drug interactions and drug side effects. In our study, we investigated the efficacy and side effects of treatments applied to elderly patients.
METHODS: For our study, patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer who were treated and followed up at Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical Faculty Hospital between January 2008-January 2024 were evaluated.Medical records were collected including patient demographics, treatment regimens and responses, grade 3-4 toxicities, date of progression, last follow-up and death. Performance score was assessed according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) criteria.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 73 years. The most common site of tumour occurrence was the gastric cardia. There were more male patients and the treatment responses were similar. However, there were notable differences in the incidence and severity of side effects. The survival data were comparable.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Oxaliplatin and cisplatin-based chemotherapies have comparable effects in advanced gastric cancer in the elderly. However, the incidence of adverse effects differs, and cisplatin should be avoided in patients with nephrotoxicity. The number of patients is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions and further studies are needed.

INTRODUCTION: Our aim will focus on evidence suggesting a role for fetal epicardial fat thickness (fEFT) as a quantifiable independent risk factor for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).
METHODS: A prospective case-control study was conducted in pregnancies complicated with ICP. During the same period, healthy pregnant women at similar gestational weeks were randomly selected as the control group.
RESULTS: A total of 84 pregnant women participated in this study and we recruited 42 patients with ICP as study group and 42 healthy pregnant women as control group. Pregnant women in study group had significantly higher fEFT values and higher AST, ALT, direct and indirect bilirubin concentrations than those in control group (p<0.05). Study population was divided into two groups based on serum fasting total bile acid (TBA) levels of ≥ 40 µmol/L and <40 µmol/L as mild (n=30) and severe (n=12). The only significant parameter was direct bilirubin as higher levels in severe ICP group (p<0.05). The ROC curve analysis for assessing the performance of fEFT value in predicting ICP revealed that the area under the curve was 0.793 for ICP. The optimal fEFT cut- off value for predicting ICP was found as 0.085 mm with a sensitivity of 78.6% and specifity of 71.4%.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study has shown that higher fEFT levels can be associated with prediction of ICP, and the study justifies the inclusion of fEFT as an aid in diagnosis alongside AST, ALT and bilirubins, as measurement of TBA levels is time consuming and expensive.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate the dose distributions produced by three treatment planning systems (TPSs) across various mediums by constructing a phantom that simulates a mediastinal environment.

METHODS: We utilized Computerized Tomography (CT) to scan a phantom with bone, PMMA, and lung blocks. It was subsequently moved to Eclipse™ TPS. In Eclipse TPS, we utilized a 6 MV photon beam with a Source Skin Distance of 100 cm and a field size of 20x20 cm2. We obtained the percentage depth doses (PDD) by recording the dose at 3 mm intervals from the center of each block to the desired depths. These processes were repeated for the other two TPSs.

RESULTS: We observed that the PDD acquired from bone, PMMA, and lung blocks in Eclipse TPS using the PBC algorithm revealed a significant contrast in the bone block, which increased as we move away from the build-up area. Subsequently PDD values from the lung medium are compared. Eclipse and Prowess TPS values were found to be similar, while Monaco TPS, utilizing the Monte Carlo Algorithm, demonstrated significant difference. Although Monaco TPS recorded higher PDD values compared to the other two TPSs both before and after the build-up region, it maintained a consistent level in the build-up region and yielded slightly lower doses than the other TPSs.


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The behaviors of TPSs employed in commercial radiotherapy planning should be calculated in different environments, and compared with the measured values. These differences should be taken into consideration when making treatment decisions.

INTRODUCTION: The five-factor personality, which includes the dimensions of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness, serves as a comprehensive framework for understanding how personality influences behavior and emotional regulation.
METHODS: The present study aims to determine the correlation between 5-factor personality traits and social anxiety in individuals diagnosed with alcohol and substance use disorder in Eastern Turkey, a non-Western, Islamic society, using a descriptive cross-sectional design. This study was conducted with 172 individuals with substance use disorders who were treated at the SBU Van Training and Research Hospital Alcohol and Substance Addiction Treatment Centre between July and September 2023. Participants completed the Big Five Inventory-Short Form and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A linear regression model is used to test a predictive effect of the five-factor personality on social anxiety.
RESULTS: Most participants were male, of adolescent age and all participants exhibited social anxiety. There was a weak negative correlation between the five-factor personality traits such as extraversion (r: -.205, p=.007), agreeableness (r: -.162, p=.034), conscientiousness (r: -164, p=.031) and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale anxiety subscale. In addition, there was a weak negative correlation between the the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale total score and extraversion (r: -179, p=.019), while there was a weak positive correlation between neuroticism and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale total score (r: .289, p<.001). The multiple regression model revealed that neuroticism was a significant predictor of social anxiety.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results suggest that personality traits, particularly neuroticism, may play an important role in social anxiety in individuals with substance use disorders.

INTRODUCTION: Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine cancer and the frequency of DTC detection in histopathological examinations in thyroid surgeries performed for non-cancer indications is increasing. The aim of this study is to investigate the rate of incidentally detected thyroid cancer in patients who underwent surgery for toxic goiter in our clinic.
METHODS: Histopathological data of patients who underwent surgery with a diagnosis of toxic goiter were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into 3 groups as toxic adenoma (TA), toxic multinodular goiter (MNG) and Basedow-Graves disease. The presence of malignancy and clinicopathological features were investigated
RESULTS: 84% of the cases were female and 16% were male, and the mean age was 43. 202 (65%) of the toxic goiter cases had TMG, 8 (3%) had TA, and 101 (32%) had Graves' disease. Histopathologically, the malignant/benign ratio was 65 (21%) / 246 (79%). Malignancy was detected in 3 of the 15 patients with a family history of thyroid cancer
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Incidental thyroid cancer was detected in 65 (21%) of the patients with toxic goiter. Thyroid carcinoma was present in 45 (22%) of the patients with toxic MNG, 1 (12.5%) of the patients with TA and 19 (19%) of the patients with Graves. Histopathological examination revealed 62 papillary (38 microcarcinoma), 2 Non-invasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features (NIFTP) and 1 medullary microcarcinoma. The incidence of incidental thyroid cancer in the patients with toxic goiter treated with surgery was found to be consistent with the literature.

INTRODUCTION: Gastric nutrition is the most commonly applied form of enteral nutrition. Endoscopic, radiological and surgical techniques (open or laparoscopic) can be used for the placement of the gastrostomy tube. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is considered a better and minimally invasive feeding tube placement method compared to surgical methods. In this study, we aimed to present the short- and long-term results and experiences of our patients who underwent Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the general surgery department.
METHODS: The study included 115 patients who were retrospectively placed with an endoscopic gastrostomy tube due to the impossibility of oral feeding at the Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, between January 2016 and December 2020. The indications, complications and early mortality results of 115 patients who had a Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube were examined.
RESULTS: Out of 119 patients who underwent endoscopic intervention for Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement, 115 (96.6%) were successful. 80 (69%) of the patients were male and 35 (31%) were female. The mean age was 54.9 (13-92). PEG indications were prolonged ventilation in 50 (44%) patients, malignancy in 16 (14%) patients, chronic neurological disease in 20 (17%) patients, and other reasons in 29 (25) patients. None of our patients were taken to the operating room for PEG.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, in enteral nutrition, PEG should be preferred over surgical gastrostomy because it has less morbidity and mortality, can be performed at the bedside when necessary, does not require general anesthesia, and is cheaper and more practical.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effect of maternal Behçet disease (BD) on fetal pulmonary artery parameters with spectral Doppler
METHODS: This case-control study consisted of 21 pregnant women diagnosed with BD between 29-30 weeks of gestation. The control group enrolled 42 low-risk healthy pregnant women, two for each case, whose gestational weeks matched the case group. Demographic and obstetric characteristics of the participants and the presence of attacks during pregnancy were recorded. Pulmonary artery acceleration time (AT), ejection time (ET), and AT/ ET ratio (PATET) parameters determined by spectral Doppler were calculated.
RESULTS: Maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar between groups. Fetal pulmonary artery AT, ET, and AT/ET ratios were compared between the cases and controls. The AT was significantly shorter, and the AT/ET ratio was significantly lower in the cases (p<0.001, p<0.001). ET values were similar in both groups (p=0.567). There was no difference in gestational age and Doppler values between those who had an attack during pregnancy and those who did not.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Maternal BD, a chronic inflammatory vasculitis, causes fetal pulmonary artery circulation changes determined by spectral Doppler. Pulmonary artery AT, ET, and PATET values, which are important for respiratory complications, may be valuable in this patient group's obstetric management.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have explored how the type of delivery affects postpartum sexual function. Therefore, the aim of the study to evaluate the relationship between type of delivery and postpartum sexual function.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on postpartum women who delivered at a tertiary hospital between June and December 2019. Clinical and demographic information and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire were obtained from each woman via in-person interview by a trained nurse. Postpartum mothers were divided into three groups: the vaginal birth group, a vaginal birth with episiotomy group, and a cesarean section group.
RESULTS: A total of 240 postpartum women, with a mean age of 28.03 ± 6.02 years were included. Desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction were significantly lower in the vaginal birth group compared to the other groups. The mean pain score of 2.26±1.11 was significantly lower in those who had a cesarean section (p=0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that cesarean section was associated with better sexual functioning scores compared to other types of delivery three months postpartum.

INTRODUCTION: Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive technique that has advantages over blind curettage, such as direct visualization of the intrauterine cavity, biopsy of the suspicious area, and simultaneous treatment of benign intracavitary lesions. The study aims to evaluate the diagnostic role of hysteroscopy in endometrial and focal intracavitary lesions.
METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of a tertiary center between January 2018 and July 2022. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was performed on women with abnormal uterine bleeding, and lesions seen during hysteroscopy were noted and excised using a resectoscope. Uterine sampling with blind curettage was applied to all patients. The resected lesions and uterus samples were evaluated histopathologically.
RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy was higher than 90% in each group classified according to morphology of endometrium as normal, atrophic and hyperplastic. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were higher than 90% for focal intracavitary pathologies. Sensitivity for endometrial hyperplasia and cancer were 80% and 50%, respectively.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopy is exceedingly viable for distinguishing intracavitary pathologies such as polyps, myomas and foreign bodies in ladies with abnormal uterine bleeding. However, for the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer, a hysteroscopy-guided biopsy with uterine curettage is needed to be combined with hysteroscopy.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the lymphocyte / HDL cholesterol ratio as a new potential indicator in patients diagnosed with MASLD by ultrasonographic imaging. This ratio is easily calculated method.
METHODS: One hundred and seventy-three patients who came to our outpatient clinic between 1 February-15 November 2022 were included in the study. After measuring the height, weight and waist circumference of all patients, blood sample was drawn from the antecubital vein following a fasting period of at least 8 hours. The patients’ sex, age, and AST, ALT, albumin, glucose, insulin, HDL-C, lymphocyte values were recorded. Ultrasonographic imaging was used as the diagnostic method for hepatosteatosis in all cases. The fatty liver on ultrasonography was graded as grade 1-2-3.
RESULTS: Forty-eight (28.2%) patients had no fatty liver findings in ultrasonography. Patients with fatty liver findings were sorted as 52 patients (30.1%) with grade 1, 47 patients (27.2%) with grade 2, and 26 patients (15.0%) with grade 3 fatty liver. Among the cases with and without MASLD, the difference was significant between waist circumference(p=0.001), glucose(p=0.036) and body mass index(p=0.001) means. Among the cases with and without MASLD, the difference was not significant between age, AST, ALT, albumin, insulin, insulin resistance, HDL-C, lymphocytes, and lymphocytes / HDL-C ratio.


DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although there is no significant result, it is the first study to evaluate that lymphocyte/HDL-C ratio in MASLD, which is a common public health issue. More research is needed before stating that the lymphocyte/HDL-cholesterol ratio can be a new potential indicator of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

INTRODUCTION: Iron deficiency anaemia is a widespread nutritional anaemic diseases worldwide. Recent studies have shown that anemia during pregnancy can have a negative impact on perinatal and maternal outcomes, although the correlations vary depending on the severity of the anemia. Therefore, we will evaluate the fetal outcomes of the pregnant women, whom we divided into three groups according to the hematocrit (HTC) value based on fetal ultrasound findings, birthweight (BW) and Apgar scores.
METHODS: The study included nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies whose entire follow-up and treatment were carried out in a tertiary referral hospital and whose pregnancy was completed in the same hospital. The study participants were assigned to one of three groups depending on their HTC value. The patients with an HTC value below 30% were in group I; the patients with an HTC value between 30% - 36% were in group II; the patients with an HTC value of more than 36% were in group III. We examined demographic parameters, Apgar scores, BW and admission to neonatal intensive care unit.
RESULTS: 578 pregnant women were included in the study and all participants were nulliparous. There were no significant differences between the three groups in terms of demographic data. There were significant differences in biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference and BW.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Women have different nutritional needs throughout their lives - especially before and during pregnancy, when sensitivity to nutrients is at its highest -. Ensuring a nutritious diet and adequate care and education for women is crucial for the mothers and newborns.

INTRODUCTION: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical procedure performed to treat pain, restricted movement, and joint deformity caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and knee joint trauma. With advancements in healthcare and an increasing aging population, the need for TKA surgeries among geriatric patients has risen significantly. Approximately 75% of TKA patients belong to this demographic, necessitating special attention to perioperative management due to higher frailty and comorbidities.
METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 75-year-old and older patients who underwent unilateral TKA between April 2018 and April 2023 at a tertiary university hospital. The study employed a retrospective design, analyzing data from patient records, including demographic characteristics, anesthesia types, comorbidities, postoperative complications, and 30-day mortality.
RESULTS: A total of 81% of the study participants were women, with the majority categorized in the ASA III risk group (58%). Spinal anesthesia was the most commonly used anesthetic technique (77%), and 54% of patients had two or more comorbidities. Our findings revealed a postoperative complication rate of 73%, with anemia being the most frequent complication (51.2%). Blood transfusions were administered to 34.3% of patients, and the 30-day mortality rate was 0.5%.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study aligns with existing literature, showing a higher mortality rate in elderly TDP patients compared to younger cohorts, with a perioperative mortality rate of less than 1%. The results suggest that a thorough preoperative evaluation and optimized management of postoperative anemia and comorbidities can enhance perioperative patient outcomes and improve prognosis in geriatric TKA patients.

INTRODUCTION: Different reference values are used for 25-OH vitamin D in children than in adults. There are no cut-off values determined by seasons in children. This study aimed to determine 25-OH vitamin D plasma cut-off values according to seasons in children.
METHODS: A total of 1237 children, including 614 girls and 623 boys, aged 0-18 years were included in the study. The children were divided into 11 different groups according to the three main age groups (infancy (0-36 months), prepubertal and pubertal) and other age groups in summer and winter seasons. Serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone and 25-OH vitamin D levels were determined in all cases
RESULTS: Results: The values for serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were >18,7 ng/ml in summer and ≤18,7 ng/ml in winter in infants, >21,8 ng/mL in summer and ≤21,8 ng/mL in winter in prepubertal children, >22,2 ng/mL in summer and <22,2 ng/mL in winter in pubertal children.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Very different results regarding vitamin D in age groups and high deficiency rates even in summer indicate a serious problem. There is a need to redefine the 25-OH vitamin D reference values in children by seasons. We think that if we stick to the calculated values, the treatment doses to be given could be reduced and perhaps not given at all. This could eliminate lengthy treatment protocols and hospital visits and avoid the use of unnecessary vitamin D.

INTRODUCTION: Febrile neutropenia is the most common complication and emergency condition frequently seen in pediatric patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Indices calculated using various ratios of parameters in complete blood counts are important predictors of various outcomes in conditions where the inflammatory process is at the forefront. This study aimed to investigate whether Neutrophil-Lymphocyte, Platelet-Lymphocyte, Monocyte-Lymphocyte ratio,and Systemic Immuno-Inflammation Index, Systemic Inflammation Response Index are effective markers on the duration of febrile neutropenia in children diagnosed with febrile neutropenia.


METHODS: This retrospective analysis involved 59 pediatric patients diagnosed with cancer-related febrile neutropenia. Among the participants, 52.5% (n=31) were classified in the short-duration febrile neutropenia category, comprising 51.6% (n=16) males and 48.4% (n=15) females. Conversely, 47.5% (n=28) were categorized in the long-duration febrile neutropenia group, which included 57.1% (n=16) males and 42.9% (n=12) females.


RESULTS: In the statistical analysis of the indices obtained from the ratios of complete blood count parameters measured on the first day of febrile neutropenia, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of the Platelet/Lymphocyte ratio (p=0.045).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study suggested that various inflammatory parameters do not have a significant predictive effect on the duration of febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients monitored for short-term and long-term neutropenic fever. In our research, the group with prolonged neutropenia exhibited a decrease in Platelet/Lymphocyte ratio, which contrasts with existing literature. This discrepancy may be attributed to the fact that a substantial portion of the pediatric patients diagnosed with febrile neutropenia had a primary diagnosis of leukemia.

INTRODUCTION: Oral fluid intake after laparoscopic cholecystectomy affects intestinal motility. The aim of this study was to investigate how oral fluid intake affects intestinal motility.
METHODS: The descriptive and correlational study was conducted with 60 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery between October 2023 and May 2024. Data were collected with a form prepared by the researchers. Postoperative patients were interviewed face-to-face, and patients who were discharged early were interviewed by telephone.
RESULTS: The mean amount of fluid consumed by the patients on the first postoperative day was 839.16±604.22 mL, 1665.83±672.61 mL on the second day, and 2070±666.58 mL on the third day. On the second and third days, there was a significant negative correlation between the amount of fluid consumed and the duration of flatulence at a moderate level, and a significant negative correlation between the duration of defecation at a high level.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: From this study, it is concluded that the amount of liquid consumed on the first day has no effect on the duration of flatulence and fecal expulsion, while the duration of flatulence and fecal expulsion shortens as the amount of liquid consumed on the second and third days increases.